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The quality requirements for unleaded petrols are determined by the ČSN EN 228 + A1 standard.
This standard defines two types of unleaded petrol:
Monitored parameters:
Petrols are split into classes depending on their volatility. The use of petrols with various volatility classes depends on the climatic conditions. Petrol volatility influences in particular engine starting and running, e.g. the low temperatures in the winter mean the use of low-volatility petrol could cause starting problems due to the difficulty of igniting the mixture in the cylinder and then, when the engine is running, due to the slower burning of the mixture in the cylinder.
The quality requirements for diesel are determined by the ČSN EN 590 Opr. 1. standard.
This standard applies to diesel fuels for use in compression-ignition engines intended for operation using diesel with a FAME content of up to 7.0% (V/V). FAME are fatty acid methyl esters and in our daily lives we might hear about them in connection with the addition of a biocomponent to diesel. This biocomponent is FAME, but FAME themselves are also sometimes labelled biodiesel.
Monitored parameters:
Diesels are split into filterability classes depending on the season. For mild climates there are six CFPP (cold filter plugging point) filterability classes, while there are five for arctic or extremely cold climates.
Bioethanol is an alcohol produced by fermentation, usually from carbohydrates produced in sugary or starchy crops. Cellulose biomass obtained from non-food sources like trees and grasses is also being developed as a raw material for producing ethanol. Ethanol in an almost pure form can be used as a fuel for vehicles, but it is usually used as an additive in petrol to increase the octane number and improve vehicle emissions.
The quality requirements for bioethanol are based on two standards depending on the method of use. The ČSN EN 15293 standard determines the requirements for Ethanol E85, which is ethanol mixed with petrol in a ratio of 85:15. The second standard is the ČSN EN 15376 standard, which determines the requirements for ethanol as a component in petrol.
The requirements for Ethanol E85 as a fuel (according to ČSN EN 15293):
The climatic conditions at which Ethanol E85 can be used also influence its properties. The requirements dependent on climatic conditions are water sensitivity and volatility.
The requirements for ethanol as a component in petrol (according to ČSN EN 15376):
When ethanol is used as a petrol component, its ability to absorb water, meaning its water sensitivity, must also be monitored.
Biodiesel is produced from oils or fats using transesterification. It may be used as a fuel at 100% concentration, but is more commonly mixed with diesel to reduce diesel engine emissions.
FAME quality requirements are determined by the ČSN EN 14 214 standard. This standard determines the requirements for FAME used in 100% concentrations as a fuel or as an additive to diesel.
Monitored parameters:
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Petrochemicals
Analysis of gases, petroleum, fuels and oils
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